An epidural steroid injection (ESI) is one of the most commonly performed interventional pain procedures for the non-surgical management of spine-related pain. By delivering a targeted anti-inflammatory medication directly to the area of nerve irritation, an epidural injection can reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and improve function — often allowing patients to participate more effectively in physical therapy and rehabilitation.
At our Miami clinic, Dr. William Bonner performs all epidural steroid injections under fluoroscopic (X-ray) guidance to ensure precise needle placement and maximize safety. Epidural injections are never performed blindly in our clinic — image guidance is the standard of care for these procedures.
An epidural steroid injection delivers a corticosteroid medication (a powerful anti-inflammatory) into the epidural space of the spine — the area surrounding the spinal nerves and spinal cord. The goal is to reduce inflammation around irritated or compressed nerve roots, which is the source of pain in many spinal conditions.
Epidural injections are commonly referred to by several names, including:
While the terminology may vary, these all refer to the same general category of procedure — a targeted injection near the spinal nerves to reduce inflammation and pain.
There are several approaches to delivering an epidural injection, and the best approach depends on your specific condition, anatomy, and the location of nerve irritation:
This is the most targeted approach. The needle is guided to the neural foramen — the opening where a specific nerve root exits the spine. This allows the medication to be delivered directly to the affected nerve. Transforaminal injections are often preferred for conditions like sciatica, herniated discs, and pinched nerves where a specific nerve root is identified as the pain generator.
This approach delivers medication into the epidural space between the laminae (the bony plates on the back of the vertebrae). It provides broader coverage than a transforaminal injection and may be used when multiple levels or bilateral symptoms are involved, or in certain anatomical situations where a transforaminal approach is not ideal.
This approach enters the epidural space through the sacral hiatus at the base of the spine. It is sometimes used for patients with spinal stenosis, multi-level disease, or in patients who have had prior lumbar spine surgery.
Epidural steroid injections may be recommended for a variety of spine conditions where nerve root inflammation is contributing to pain. Common indications include:
Epidural injections are most effective when nerve root inflammation is the primary driver of symptoms. They are typically used as part of a broader treatment plan that includes physical therapy, activity modification, and sometimes medication management.
The procedure is performed in-office and typically takes 15 to 30 minutes. Here is what to expect:
Research has consistently shown that epidural injections performed without image guidance have a significant miss rate — meaning the medication may not reach the intended target. Fluoroscopic guidance allows Dr. Bonner to visualize the spine in real time, confirm needle position with contrast dye, and deliver the medication precisely where it is needed.
This matters because:
Dr. Bonner never performs epidural injections without fluoroscopic guidance. This is consistent with evidence-based practice guidelines and reflects the standard of care for interventional pain procedures.
An epidural steroid injection is not intended to be a standalone treatment. It works best as one component of a comprehensive, non-surgical treatment plan. The injection reduces inflammation and pain, which in turn allows you to participate more fully in physical therapy and rehabilitation — often the most important factor in long-term recovery.
A typical treatment plan for spine pain may include:
For patients with facet joint pain, a different type of injection — a facet joint injection or medial branch block — may be more appropriate than an epidural. Dr. Bonner will determine the best approach based on your examination and imaging findings.
| Injection Type | Target | Best For |
| Epidural Steroid Injection | Epidural space around spinal nerves | Sciatica, herniated discs, pinched nerves, spinal stenosis |
| Facet Joint Injection | Facet joints that link vertebrae | Facet-mediated neck or back pain without nerve symptoms |
| Medial Branch Block | Nerves supplying the facet joints | Diagnostic tool to confirm facet joint as pain source |
| Radiofrequency Ablation | Nerves supplying the facet joints | Long-term relief for confirmed facet joint pain |
Dr. Bonner will determine which type of injection is appropriate based on your symptoms, physical examination, and imaging findings. In some cases, a combination of approaches may be recommended.
You may be a candidate for an epidural steroid injection if you:
Not all spine pain is appropriate for an epidural injection. Conditions like isolated facet joint pain, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, or muscular pain may require different interventions. A thorough evaluation is essential to determine the right approach.
Most patients report mild discomfort during the procedure, primarily from the initial numbing injection. Once the area is anesthetized, the epidural injection itself typically causes pressure rather than sharp pain. The entire procedure is usually well-tolerated.
Some patients experience immediate partial relief from the local anesthetic. The anti-inflammatory steroid typically takes 2 to 14 days to reach its full effect. Maximum benefit is often felt within 1 to 2 weeks.
This varies by patient and condition. Some patients experience relief lasting weeks to several months. For many patients, the injection provides a window of reduced pain that allows them to progress in physical therapy, which supports longer-term improvement.
The number of injections is individualized. In general, most physicians recommend no more than 3 to 4 epidural steroid injections per year in a given region of the spine. Dr. Bonner will discuss the appropriate frequency based on your response and overall treatment plan.
Epidural steroid injections are generally considered safe when performed under fluoroscopic guidance by an experienced physician. Potential side effects include temporary soreness at the injection site, mild headache, temporary increase in blood sugar (relevant for diabetic patients), and temporary flushing. Serious complications are rare.
An epidural injection treats inflammation and pain but does not reverse structural changes like disc herniation or stenosis. It is a therapeutic tool that provides relief and supports your ability to rehabilitate. Many patients find that with effective pain control and rehabilitation, their condition improves significantly without surgery.
Yes. In some cases, epidural injections are used to manage acute nerve inflammation while regenerative treatments like PRP or bone marrow concentrate therapy address the underlying tissue damage. Dr. Bonner will create an individualized plan based on your specific needs.
If you are experiencing sciatica, neck pain, low back pain, or other spine-related symptoms and want to determine whether an epidural steroid injection is appropriate for you, we are here to help.
Contact our Miami clinic to schedule an appointment with Dr. Bonner, or book online through ZocDoc for available appointment times (if you do not see availability, please reach out to us directly at 786-522-4959).
BOOK ONLINE NOWWe do not quote prices over the phone, because the right treatment depends on what your exam and imaging actually show. We do explain exactly how cost works, why price comparisons between clinics are misleading, and why your evaluation is billed through your insurance.
Read our honest answer on PRP and stem cell treatment cost in Miami
